Authorship

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have contributed substantially to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research. All listed authors must have read and approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission.

The journal follows the COPE authorship guidelines.

Authorship credit should be based on the following:

• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content
• Final approval of the version to be published
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All four conditions must be met. Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet all four criteria (e.g., technical support, data collection, general supervision, or writing assistance) should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript.

Contributions must be documented during submission, and the journal may request a detailed author contribution statement to ensure transparency.

Changes in authorship (additions, deletions, or changes in order) after submission require written confirmation from all listed authors, a clear rationale for the change, and the Editor-in-Chief’s approval. The journal reserves the right to request evidence of author contributions and may reject changes if they are not adequately justified.

Authors are encouraged to identify the use of any artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the preparation of their manuscript. However, AI tools (such as large language models or content generators) cannot be listed as authors, as they cannot take legal responsibility for the work, ensure data accuracy, or guarantee ethical standards.